BEST ANDROID APPS FOR ELECTRONICS STUDENTS

With the increase of technology smart phones becomes important for us in our day to day life.We are using android phones to access internet, to use apps and play games, for entertainment etc.,
But what if we want to use these android apps for education? Sounds good right! There are plenty of android apps available on android market for electronics students to study.Using android apps will save our time and make our job very faster.

Here is a list of android apps for Electronics students and electrical students. These apps help us in circuit simulation , analyzing, conversion and designing etc.,
1)ElectroDroid

ElectroDroid is the best and powerful android app for electronics students which has collection of electronics tools and references.It is the best app containing all kinds of information for electronics students. ElectroDroid contains many useful tools like color codes for resistors, inductors, capacitors and SMD resistor,Ohm's law and Voltage divider rule,Power calculator ,Y-Δ transformation ,analog-digital conversion, NE 555 calculator , Frequency converter.

ElectroDroid also has pin diagrams for USB ports,parallel ports,Ethernet ports and VGA converter. You can find resources like Boolean logic gate and algebra Theorems ,Symbols and abbreviations and circuit schematic symbols, ASCII codes and many more . ElectroDroid supports plugins to increase the functionality of the apps.
ElectroDroid is available in FREE and PRO versions. Free version contains ads Where as Pro version supports developer and unlock more features of the apps.Pro version doesn't contains any ads..
2)EveryCircuit

EveryCircuit lets you to understand that how to design circuits and analyze how they works.It has very simple user interface which helps you to create and simulate your own circuit designs.Add electronic components and complete your circuit and Run/Simulate them. You can alter the values of the circuit components and see the variations in the output.

EveryCircuit provides output wave forms of voltage and current with colorful animations. EveryCircuit is available in FREE version and Premium version. Free version has limited sandbox area but still it impress you. EveryCircuit full version unlock more features and lets you to join EveryCircuit cloud community where you can store your circuit designs ,access them from any of your android devices and share them.
3)Lessons In Electric circuits

Lessons In Electric circuits is the good book and reference in the form of android app for electrical and electronics students. It has series of lessons which are divided into 6 volumes.
Lessons In Electric Circuits for android:
Volume I - DC
Volume II - AC
Volume III - Semiconductors
Volume IV - Digital
Volume V - Reference
Volume VI - Experiments
4)Electrical Engineering

Electrical Engineering is the best app which consists of 3 Electrical/Electronics tools such as 1)Electrical Calculator 2)Electrical Circuit 3)Electrical Formulas. Electrical Engineering helps you to calculate current , voltage, resistance in series and parallel connections.Formulas for voltage,current,power,resistance,work done can be provided. Electrical books and eBooks are provided ,you can buy them. You can also calculate the battery lifetime, the stored energy in a capacitor,inductance.capacitance, the output voltage of a voltage divider.Electrical engineering covers many topics including electronics, digital computers, power engineering,control systems, radio frequency engineering and signal processing.
5)PICmicro Database

PICmicro Database is used to check,compare characteristics of different PIC Microcontrollers. It is manufactured by Microchip.It lists out the database of all the PIC Microcontrollers with features,specifications and pin diagrams, so that you can find the right one for you. PICmicro Database will output the PIC Microcontroller that matches your search features and specifications.
There are lots of android apps available in Google Play. I've listed only five  best android apps for electrical/electronics students.
Another collections are
Droid Tesla                      → Spice tool for circuit design and simulation.

Electronics toolkit         → Collection of simple tools like resistor color codes,ohm's law,power factor,Series/Parallel Value Calculator.Almost all these tools are available in ElectroDroid except Power Triangle Calculator.  
Electrical Pro                  → It's a paid app contains 5 sub apps which allows you to calculate motor calculations, fault calculations, Voltage drop, wireampacity, residential feeder size.
 
M32 Assembly               → To learn Assembly language.
Electrical Calculations  → to calculate voltage drop,intensity,Calculation of voltage,active power,apparent power, reactive power,resistance etc.,                          

If you have known any best android apps other than these .Please do comment here.

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FASTRACK BASICS ANALOG WATCH

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And also See: SOLAR TREE 

SOLAR TREE

Now a days population is increasing day by day and energy sources for production of electricity are in demand . So ,man has to be think of renewable energy sources which can produce energy efficiently and also does not produce pollution or any natural hazards.In this case Solar energy is the best options for all of us. As the solar energy is the renewable energy and is available in abundance ,so we have to make use of this solar energy for our future needs.

What is a Solar Tree?

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A Solar Tree is a decorative means of producing solar energy and electricity .It uses multiple solar panel which are arranged in a tree fashion. Thus Solar Tree is a tree like structure in which solar panels are arranged in different angles in order to capture solar energy from all directions.
Here TREE stands for
T- Tree generating
R-renewable
E-Energy  and
E-Electricity
The Solar Tree can capture energy from sun light and uses the energy for the production of Electricity. It can also collect energy from the Wind.

Why We Called It as a Solar Tree?

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Tree present in nature can produce their own food material by the process of 'PHOTO SYNTHESIS'.During the day time trees in our nature can collects energy from the sun and water from the soil and uses them to produce their food material. At the same time they are indirectly providing food material for human society   because we are depending on green plants for our food.

Similarly a Solar Tree will have stems which look like the branches of the tree and solar panels look like the leaves of the Solar tree.The natural tree leaves can produce food material by PHOTOSYNTHESIS ,Similarly Solar tree leaves can produce energy from the sunlight and wind. It has Carbon nano tubes which can conduct electricity and Nano Sensors can collect energy from shaking the wind. The Solar leaves are able to collect wind energy and convert them to electrical energy.

Advantages Of Solar Tree

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Solar tree uses sun's energy and wind energy to power up Homes. There are many advantages of Solar Tree.

1. Solar tree requires very less space and can produce energy efficiently.
2.No air pollution because we are not burning the coal or using the fossil fuels in order to produce electricity.
3.As the power source of Solar Tree is the sun, so we wouldn't have to worry about future sources of energy.
4.People in poor countries would have access to electricity and people can save money.
5.Solar tree can produce electricity without any power cut problem.

Disadvantages of Solar Tree

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Instead of having many advantages of Solar Tree , we can also have disadvantages as well.
1. Cost of solar panel is very high.
2. It may cause hazards to birds.
3.People eyes will get effected by the solar reflectors.

Conclusion

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The Solar Tree has designed in order to Fulfill  the energy demand and it can produce electricity efficiently with out any power cut problem.Hope that Such new ideas will come in future also.

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And Also See: BEST ANDROID APPS FOR ELECTRONICS STUDENTS 

TRANSISTORS

What is a Transistor?

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Transistor is a semiconductor material which is used to regulate current or voltage and is used as switch,amplifier in most of electronic circuits.Transistor stands for Transfer of resistance and has at least three terminals for connection to the external circuit.

Transistor is basically made up of semiconducting materials such as P-type materials and N-type materials.  P-type semiconductor is formed when intrinsic semiconductor is doped with trivalent elements such as Al, Ga and Indium. N-type semiconductor is formed when intrinsic semiconductor is doped with pentavalent impurities such as Phosphorous, Arsenic or Antimony.A transistor is nothing but combination of two coupled diodes.

TYPES OF TRANSISTORS

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There are many types of transistors(BJT,FET,UJT etc.,) are available in today's market like and these are based up on the arrangement of P-type and N-type materials ,way of operation .

1.Bipolar Junction Transistor

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Bipolar Junction Transistor(BJT) is the most commonly used Transistor.In Bipolar Junction Transistor the conduction is due to two types of charge carriers i.e. both electrons and holes are responsible for current conduction.
Transistor is composed by three parts . They are  1) Emitter 2) Base 3)Collector

Emitter is heavily doped and it is used to emit charge carriers and referred as negative lead.
Base region is very thin and lightly doped .Charge carriers are injected into base and pass on to the collector and is responsible for activating the Transistor.
Collector region is lightly doped and is referred  as positive lead.

There are two basic types of transistors. they are PNP Transistor and NPN Transistor.
PNP and NPN transistors are differed by the current direction.

Symbol	Name	Description
	NPN Bipolar Transistor	Allows current flow when high potential at base (middle)
	PNP Bipolar Transistor	Allows current flow when low potential at base (middle)

The direction of arrow that is shown in the symbol of transistor indicates the direction of current through flowing it. In NPN transistor, current comes out from emitter of the transistor where as in PNP, the current flows into the emitter.
PNP transistor is formed by sandwiching thin layer of N-type semiconductor between two P-type semiconductors.

A PNP transistor is like two PN junction diodes which are placed back to back. At each junction there is a depletion region which leads to potential barrier. Here The Emitter-Base junction is Forward biased and Collector-Base junction is reverse biased . 

As  the Emitter-Base Junction is Forward biased more no of holes will cross the junction and enter into the base region.At the same time very few amount of electrons will flow from the base to emitter.
These electrons will recombine with the equal no of holes and electron -hole pairs are generated. The loss of total no of holes in the emitter is made by the flow of equal no.of electrons from the emitter to the positive terminal of the battery. The flow of holes from Emitter to Base is leads to emitter current and we have IE=IB+IC.

An NPN transistor is formed by sandwiching thin layer of P-type semiconductor between two N-type semiconductors.

 In NPN transistor, current comes out from emitter of the transistor And transistor can be operated in 3 regions .They are 1) Active region 2) Saturation region 3)Cutoff region
In Active region the transistor acts as an Amplifier .In Saturation its acts as closed switch and in cutoff regions it acts as open switch .

Applications of a Transistor

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1.Transistor can be used as an amplifier.
2.In digital circuits these Transistor is used as ON/OFF switches.
3.Transistors are used as buffer or impedance matching between mis-matched  electrical circuits.
4.They are used to regulate current,voltage or power.

Also Know about: MICROCONTROLLER

JOGUR JEANS

INDUCTORS

What is an Inductor?

An Inductor is a passive electronic component which stores the energy in the form of a magnetic field. Inductor consists of a coil or  a wired loop. Inductor is used to store amount of current which is flowing in the circuit and later releases the electrical energy to the circuit when the source of power is removed.

Inductor reduces the current in AC circuits and short circuit in DC circuits.
Symbol of an inductor is given by
                                                      

How Does Inductors work?

When ever current passes through the coil, magnetic flux is generated around it. When the current carrying conductor cuts the magnetic flux , an e.m.f.(electromotive force) is produced. This is known as Faraday's law of electro magnetic induction.

When the current flows through the coil ,The energy is stored in the form of magnetic field and as the current flowing through the inductor changes ,The time varying magnetic field induces a voltage in the conductor ,according to Faraday's law of electro magnetic induction which opposes the change in current.

Inductance

The property of an inductor to oppose the change in current is known as inductance. It is the ratio of voltage to the rate of change of current.
SI Unit of Inductance is Henry(H).
Induced emf is given By
                                    
L      → inductance is Henry
di/dt → rate of change of current
Inductance depends on no.of turns of the coil, permeability of the core material and size of the core.

Lenz's Law

The direction of induced e.m.f. is given by Lenz's law ,which states that the direction of induced e.m.f. is always so as to oppose for the cause for producing it.

Applications of Inductors

Inductors are used in various applications of electronics .
1. They are used in analog circuits and signal processing.
2. Inductors are used as energy storage devices in SMPS (Switch Mode Power Supply) to produce DC current.
3. Inductors are used essentially in Transformers .
4. They are used in various types  of filters in communication equipment.

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Also Know About: DIODES

CAPACITORS

What is a Capacitor?

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A Capacitor is an electrical component used to store the energy in the form of electric fields.  A Capacitor consists of two conductors which are separated by an insulating material called dielectric. 

Dielectric can be glass,plastic film, paper or any non conducting material. When there is a potential difference between the two plates of the conductor then a static electric field will be produced across the dielectric, causing the positive charge to collect on one plate and negative charge to collect on another plate. The energy is stored in the form of electric field.

The symbol of a capacitor is given by    

                                                                 

Capacitance

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Capacitance is the ratio of the electric charge on each conductor to the potential difference between them. Capacitance is measured in the unit of Farad(F) which is equal to 1 cu per volt.
C=Q/V
C →Capacitance of the capacitor(in Farad)
Q → Electric Charge (in cu)
V → Voltage between capacitor plates (in V)
The capacitance value depends up on the value of dielectric constant.
A capacitor blocks DC and allows AC current to pass through it. When an AC current is given to the capacitor starts charging exponentially and when an load is connected then the capacitor discharges.

Types of capacitors

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There are different types of capacitors. Capacitors can be fixed or variable . They are again divided into polarized and non polarized.
Based on the conduction capacitors are divided in to two types. They are
  1)Ceramic capacitors 2)Electrolytic capacitors

Electrolytic capacitor is a fixed capacitor consisting of two electrodes separated by an electrolyte. Electrolytic capacitors provide high capacitance in small volume and are used mostly in Power supply filter circuits at lower frequencies.  Electrolytic capacitors are polarized.
Ceramic capacitors are non polarized and these are purely depend on the dielectric constant of the bulk capacitor. Most of low value capacitors are non polarized. 

Based up on the construction these capacitors are classified in to three types . They are

1) Parallel Plate capacitor 

2) Co-axial capacitor
3) Spherical capacitor

Applications

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Capacitors are widely used in various applications of electronics .

1.They are used as the energy storage devices.

2. They are used in filter networks(High pass filter, Low pass filter).
3.They are used in signal processing.
4. Blocking, Coupling and Bypass capacitors are used in amplifiers.

Know About INDUCTORS

PAPER BATTERY

What is a  Battery?

A battery can convert chemical energy to electrical energy. 

PAPER BATTERY

A paper Battery is a flexible ,Ultra thin Energy storage device formed by combining Carbon Nano Tubes with a conventional sheet of cellulose based paper. Nano tubes act as electrodes ,allowing the storage device to conduct electricity.

Paper battery can integrate all the battery components in a single structure ,makes it more efficient.A paper battery can be cut, folded or otherwise shaped for different applications without loss of energy.

CARBON NANO TUBES

 Carbon Nano Tubes are the allotropes of carbon. Allotropy means 'different structure modifications of an element'. Carbon Nano Tubes are hexagonally arrangements of carbon atoms that have been rolled into tubes.

 Carbon Nano Tubes exhibit extraordinary  strength and unique electrical properties and are efficient thermal conductors.Nano tubes are the members of fullerene family. The diameter of a nano tube is in the order of a few nano meters . Their name is derived from their long, hollow structure with the walls formed by one-atom thick sheets of carbon ,called Graphene. These sheets are rolled at specific and discrete angles and the combination of rolling angle,radius decides the property of the nano tubes.

Why to use a Paper Battery?

 1. Ultra thin size and flexible structure.

2.Exhibits the property of a super capacitor.
3. Light weight, Bio-degradable and Non toxic.
4. With no water in solution ,cannot freeze hence Operating Temperature(-75 to 100 Celsius). 
5. Reusable, recyclable and rechargeable.

 How to Construct a paper Battery?

 

STEP 1: Carbonate paper and carbon nano ink is taken.

STEP 2: Carbo nano ink is separated on one side of the paper.

STEP 3: Paper is kept inside the oven at 150C temperature. This evaporates water content on the   paper. So that paper and nano rods get attached to each other.

STEP 4: After dying the paper becomes flexible,light weight and can with stand from -75C to 150C temperature.

Working of a Paper Battery

→A conventional battery produces electrons through a chemical reaction between electrolyte and metal.

→In paper battery the chemical reactions takes place between electrolyte and carbon nano tubes.

→Electrons collect at the negative terminal of the battery and flow along the connected wire to the positive terminal of the battery.

Advantages

1.Paper battery can acts as both energy source  and a Super  capacitor. This combination allows the battery to provide both long-term and steady power production and bursts of energy.
2.Early prototypes of the device are able to produce 2.5 volts of electricity from a sample size of a postage stamp. 
3. Being Bio-degradable,Light weight and Non toxic and flexible, these paper batteries have potential adaptability to power future electronics also.

Disadvantages

1.It has low shear strength ,can be torn easily.
2. The techniques and the setups used in the production of nano tubes are expensive and less efficient. 

Applications

1.Paper Batteries are used in enhanced printed circuit boards.

2. Ability to use electrolytes in blood make them potentially useful for the medical devices such as pacemakers for heart.
3.They are used in automobiles and aircrafts.
4.As alternate to conventional batteries in Gadgets.
5.They are used in E-cards,E-greetings and Talking posters.

These paper batteries power the future. Flexible paper batteries could meet the energy demands of the next generation of gadgets. 

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And Also See: BEST ANDROID APPS FOR ELECTRONICS STUDENTS

PHOTO DIODE

What is a Photo Diode?

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A Photo Diode is an photo detector capable of converting light into either current or voltage depending on the mode of operation. Photo Diodes are designed to opearte in reverse bias condition.
Photo diodes are semiconductor light sensors that can generate a current or voltage when the PN junction is illuminated by light.

When photon of sufficient energy has stricks the diode , then it exites an electron ,there by creating a free electron. This phenomenon is called as inner Photo Electric Effect. If the absorption occurs in the junctions depletion region or, one diffusion length away from it ,these carriers are swept from the junction by the built-in field of the depletion region .Thus holes move towards the cathode and electrons moves towards the anode and a Photo Current is produced. This Photo Current is sum of the dark current and light current , and dark current must be minimized to enhance the senstivity of the device.
Symbol of Photo Diode is Given By

Photo Diodes can be used in three ways .photo voltaic as a solar cell , Reverse- biased as a photo detector and a forward biased LED. Photo Diodes are similar to semiconductor diodes except that they may be exposed to Detect UV rays or X-rays. These Photo Diodes are made up of semi conductor materials like Silicon, Germanium, Indium.

FEATURES OF A PHOTO DIODE:

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Here are the Some of the features of a photo Diode.
1.Excellent Linearity with respect to incident Light.
2.Low Noise.
3.Wide Spectral Response.
4.Mechanically Rugged.
5.Compact and Light Weight.
6.Long Life.

APPLICATIONS:

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1. Photo Diodes are used in consumer electronics such as  CD players, smoke detectors and receivers. 
2. Photo Diodes are used  as light sensors.
3. Photo Diodes are often used for accurate measurement of light intensity in Light industry.
4. Photo Diodes are used in solar cell to generate Electric solar power . 

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And also see: KNOW ABOUT LIGHT EMITING DIODE